Medication Error Events in Ontario Acute Care Hospitals

نویسندگان

  • Joan A Marshman
  • David K U
  • Robert WK Lam
  • Sylvia Hyland
چکیده

Background and Objective: In 2002, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices Canada (ISMP Canada) collaborated with several hospitals to determine the feasibility of using an electronic system to document and report medication error events and assess medication-use processes. This article provides an overview of the events reported and makes limited comparisons with similar data from US studies. Methods: A standard electronic submission system for documenting medication error events was made available to 14 acute care hospitals in Ontario. The hospitals collected data on medication error events identified by usual criteria and procedures over a 12-month period and submitted the data to ISMP Canada electronically. Analysis of the data focused on the frequency of errors by severity of consequence to the patient, type of outcome, therapeutic class of drugs involved, stage of the medication-use process at which the error occurred, types of error, and hospital-identified cause(s). Parallel analyses were undertaken for the subsets of reported errors classified as adverse drug events (ADEs) and potential ADEs. Results: The 4243 errors examined represent 0.86 errors per bed and 0.25 errors per 1000 doses of medication dispensed. Only 120 (2.8%) of the errors resulted in or possibly contributed to patient harm and were classified as ADEs. No error resulted in death. The 685 errors (16.1%) that reached patients and for which monitoring or intervention were required, but that were not implicated in patient harm, were classified as potential ADEs. The most commonly involved drug classes were central nervous system agents (including analgesics, sedatives, and antipsychotic drugs) (25.6%), blood formation and coagulation agents (12.7%), anti-infective drugs (12.3%), cardiovascular drugs ((12.0%), and hormones and synthetic substitutes (9.9%). The most frequently involved individual drugs were insulin, warfarin, heparin, morphine, furosemide, potassium chloride, epoetin, electrolyte solutions, and cefazolin. Errors occurred most frequently in the medication administration process (56.6%) and the order entry and transcription stages (32.6%) of the drug-use process. Contributing factors most frequently identified included miscommunication of a drug order; environmental, staffing or workload problems; lack of staff education; and lack of quality control or independent check systems. Conclusions: The participating hospitals were willing to submit medication error reports electronically, and compilation of the resulting data provided a snapshot of medication error events detected and documented using usual practices. A very small proportion of the events resulted in harm to patients, but a RÉSUMÉ Historique et objectif : En 2002, l’Institut pour l’utilisation sécuritaire des médicaments du Canada (ISMP Canada) a collaboré avec plusieurs hôpitaux pour déterminer la faisabilité d’un système électronique permettant de documenter et de signaler les événements indésirables liés aux médicaments, et d’évaluer les processus d’utilisation des médicaments. Cet article donne un aperçu des événements signalés et établit des comparaisons limitées avec des données semblables tirées d’études américaines. Méthodes : Un système électronique standard de déclaration d’événements indésirables liés aux médicaments a été fourni à 14 hôpitaux de soins de courte durée en Ontario. Ces hôpitaux ont collecté les données sur les événements indésirables liés aux médicaments détectés selon des critères et des démarches habituels sur une période de 12 mois et ont soumis ces données par voie électronique à ISMP Canada. L’analyse des données a porté principalement sur la fréquence des erreurs selon la gravité de leurs conséquences pour le patient, le type de résultat, la classe thérapeutique des médicaments en cause, l’étape à laquelle l’erreur est survenue dans le processus de distribution des médicaments, les types d’erreur et la ou les causes attribuées par l’hôpital. Des analyses parallèles ont été entreprises pour les sousclasses d’erreurs signalées comme étant des événements indésirables liés aux médicaments (EIM) et des EIM potentiels. Résultats : Les 4243 erreurs évaluées représentaient 0,86 erreur par lit et 0,25 erreur par 1000 doses de médicament distribuées. Seulement 120 (2,8 %) des erreurs ont entraîné ou possiblement contribué à un effet délétère pour les patients et ont été classées comme des EIM. Aucune erreur n’a entraîné la mort. Les 685 erreurs (16,1 %) ayant touché les patients et ayant nécessité une surveillance ou une intervention, mais qui n’ont pas été préjudiciables à leur santé, ont été classées comme des EIM potentiels. Les classes de médicaments le plus souvent intéressées étaient les médicaments du système nerveux central (dont les analgésiques, les sédatifs et les antipsychotiques) (25,6 %), les agents hématopoïétiques et les anticoagulants (12,7 %), les anti-infectieux (12,3 %), les agents cardiovasculaires (12,0 %) ainsi que les hormones et leurs substituts synthétiques (9,9 %). Les médicaments le plus souvent mis en cause individuellement étaient l’insuline, la warfarine, l’héparine, la morphine, le furosémide, le chlorure de potassium, l’époétine, les solutions d’électrolytes et la céfazoline. Les erreurs sont survenues le plus fréquemment durant le processus d’administration des médicaments (56,6 %) ainsi que dans la saisie des ordonnances et leur transcription (32,6 %). Les facteurs contributifs le plus fréquemment recensés incluaient une mauvaise communication

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تاریخ انتشار 2006